> Quick answer: Local Romanian municipal lighting standards do not specify acceptable beam angle or light trespass limits for residential dusk-to-dawn security lamps based on the given sources [1][2][16]. The lack of specific regulations means that such guidelines are currently undefined in Romania.
While solar-powered lighting systems offer numerous benefits, including energy efficiency and environmental sustainability, understanding local municipal standards is crucial for compliance. This article delves into the current regulatory landscape surrounding beam angle and light trespass for residential dusk-to-dawn security lamps in Romania.
Technical Insights on Solar Lamp Design
Solar lighting systems are engineered with functionality, durability, and integration into existing infrastructure at their core. For instance, some designs feature LED arrays that emit light from multiple vertical sides, producing patterns extending 180 to 360 degrees around the fixture [1][2][11]. This wide beam angle suggests a design intent to provide broad illumination but does not address whether such angles are acceptable under Romanian municipal standards.
Minimizing Environmental Impact
The International Dark-Sky Association and related guidelines recommend specifying shielding and aiming details, including the IES BUG rating (a metric for measuring light pollution) when documenting lighting installations [16]. The IES also provides guidance on security lighting focused on visibility and threat detection but does not reference any national or municipal standards in Romania [21].
Adaptive Controls and Motion Sensors
Several documents emphasize the use of motion sensors and adaptive controls as a way to reduce unnecessary illumination and energy use. Systems described include dimming lights at dusk, increasing brightness upon detecting motion, and returning to lower levels afterward [14][25]. These control strategies are designed to mitigate light trespass during periods of inactivity but do not specify whether they are mandated by Romanian municipal codes.
Aesthetic Integration
Some patents describe the use of decorative fixtures that mimic traditional street lights to gain public approval and blend with existing environments [1][2][11]. These designs may be lightweight to reduce damage risk, suggesting a concern for visual harmony rather than regulatory compliance.
Energy Efficiency and Performance Testing
Energy efficiency and performance testing are covered in standards such as UL 8801, ISO/CIE 10916, and CIE 154 [3][5][20][23]. These standards focus on energy balance, lumen maintenance, and system reliability but do not define beam angle limits or light trespass thresholds. Lux sensors and CCT tuning for daylighting systems are discussed in relation to indoor lighting rather than outdoor security lighting regulations [19].
Key Takeaways
- Local Romanian municipal codes do not specify acceptable beam angles or light trespass limits for residential solar security lamps.
- Solar lamp designs may feature wide beam angles but lack regulatory guidance specific to Romania.
- Adaptive controls and motion sensing are emphasized as methods to reduce light pollution and energy use, though no mandate exists in Romanian regulations.
Frequently Asked Questions
[
{„q”: „Are there any EU directives that apply to solar security lamps?”, „a”: „The European Union has adopted directives on light pollution and energy efficiency (e.g., the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive). However, these are not detailed in the provided sources [3][5].”},
{„q”: „What is the IES BUG rating?”, „a”: „The IES BUG rating is a metric for measuring light pollution. It specifies shielding and aiming details when documenting lighting installations to minimize environmental impact [16].”},
{„q”: „Do Romanian municipal codes specify any limits on beam angles or light trespass?”, „a”: „No specific limits are defined in the current corpus of information for residential solar security lamps [21][25]„}
]
References
- [1] US7731383B2_-_Solar-powered_light_pole_and_LED_light_fixture__4dec276e — patent
source passage
box or protruding battery structure on or near the pole. In the event that the purchaser or public wish the lighting system to match or be reminiscent of previously-installed or other conventional street lights, a conventional-looking lighting fixture may be provided in addition to the preferred LED fixture. Said conventional-looking lighting fixture may extend horizontally or from atop the pole, and may be purely decorative, or may have a minimal or token light-emitting device therein. Such a decorative light fixture may more easily meet with approval from the public and/or may blend in with traditional street lights that remain in an area. By using a combination of the LED fixture and a decorative fixture, the single LED light-producing section may be engineered and installed, while preserving various aesthetic options for the city, county, or neighborhood and/or while allowing the new solar-powered lights to “blend in” with the street lights already in place. Further, the decorative light fixtures may be light-weight and designed to break-away in high winds or storms, thus minimizing the damage to the pole, surrounding property, and/or people. The preferred LED light fixture comprises arrays of LED's that emit light from at least three and preferably four generally vertical sides of the fixture. The LED light fixture may emit light out in patterns extending 180 degrees-360 degrees around the fixture, for example. The LED fixture comprises heat exchange or other cooling mea
- [2] WO2010057138A2_-_Energy-efficient_solar-powered_outdoor_lighting__593d23e6 — patent
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fixture may more easily meet with approval from the public and/or may blend in with traditional street lights that remain in an area. By using a combination of the LED fixture and a decorative fixture, the single LED light- producing section may be engineered and installed, while preserving various aesthetic options for the city, county, or neighborhood and/or while allowing the new solar- powered lights to "blend in" with the street lights already in place. Further, the decorative light fixtures may be light-weight and designed to break-away in high winds or storms, thus minimizing the damage to the pole, surrounding property, and/or people. [0064] In the "in-pole" light fixture of Figures 1 , 2, 7, 8, 10-13, and 18, the array of LEDs emit light from at least three and preferably four generally vertical sides of the fixture. The LED light fixture may emit light out in patterns extending 180 degrees – 360 degrees around the fixture, for example. The LED fixture comprises heat exchange or other cooling means in order to lower the temperature of the LEDs and the associated equipment. [0065] Other examples of invented light fixtures are described later in this document and are shown in Figures 22, 29, and 30 – 33E, which fixtures do not have LEDs and lenses on three or four sides and do not necessarily have vertical LED groupings. Instead, fixtures may have adjustable-direction LED modules that may be directed to emit light in various directions for fine-tuning to desired light
- [3] Photovoltaic_PV_and_Solar_Lighting_System_Testing_and__89123972 — authority
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# Solar Lighting and Photovoltaic Systems Source: Blog/Web URL: https://www.ul.com/services/solar-lighting-and-photovoltaic-systems Author: Date: 2026-01-01 UL 8801, Standard for Photovoltaic (PV) Luminaire Systems Increasing popularity of solar and PV lighting The growing availability of energy-efficient, mid-sized photovoltaic (PV) lighting options, combined with rising consumer interest, is driving a need for new benchmarks in safety, cost savings and ease of installation worldwide. As a vital component of rural, off-the-grid development, and as a way for urban utility grids to preserve capacity, PV and solar lighting systems have increased expectations for versatility, reliability and durability. PV-powered luminaire systems are ideal for illuminating areas that lack a utility connection or reducing electrical use and cost in areas that have a connection. As a result, PV solutions hold great interest for manufacturers, property owners, utilities, municipalities and other stakeholders. Common applications in residential, public spaces and infrastructure include: – Pathway stake lights – Driveway or garden post lights – Exterior building wall-mounted area lighting – Municipal park post lights – Parking and area lighting – Streetlights Lighting for sustainability Our principal engineer discusses lighting for sustainability. PV safety standards and regulations We have capabilities and competencies for IEC, EN and regional/national standards and in the IECEE CB Scheme related
- [5] Light_and_lighting_Energy_performance_of_lighting_in__84a16e58 — authority
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# Light and lighting — Energy performance of lighting in buildings — Calculation of the impact of daylight utilization Source: Blog/Web URL: https://cie.co.at/publications/light-and-lighting-energy-performance-lighting-buildings-calculation-impact-daylight Author: Date: 2026-01-01 This International Standard was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 274, Light and lighting, in collaboration with the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). This first edition of ISO/CIE 10916 cancels and replaces ISO 10916:2014, which has been technically revised. This International Standard is part of a set of standards which allows users to rate the overall energetic performance of buildings. Facades and rooflights have a key impact on the building’s energy balance. This document supports daylighting and lighting-energy-related analysis and optimization of facade and rooflight systems. This International Standard defines the calculation methodology for determining the monthly and annual amount of usable daylight penetrating non-residential buildings through vertical facades and rooflights and the impact thereof on the energy demand for electric lighting. It is applicable for existing buildings and the design of new and renovated buildings. It also provides the overall lighting energy balance equation relating the installed power density of the electric lighting system with daylight supply and lighting controls (proof calculation method). For estimating the daylight supply and rating
- [11] US20120020060A1_-_Energy-efficient_solar-powered_-_Google_Patents__619c8cff — patent
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solar-powered lights to “blend in” with the street lights already in place. Further, the decorative light fixtures may be light-weight and designed to break-away in high winds or storms, thus minimizing the damage to the pole, surrounding property, and/or people. – In the “in-pole” light fixture of FIGS. 1 , 2, 7, 8, 10-13, and 18, the array of LEDs emit light from at least three and preferably four generally vertical sides of the fixture. The LED light fixture may emit light out in patterns extending 180 degrees-360 degrees around the fixture, for example. The LED fixture comprises heat exchange or other cooling means in order to lower the temperature of the LEDs and the associated equipment. – Other examples of invented light fixtures are described later in this document and are shown in FIGS. 22 , 29, and 30-33E, which fixtures do not have LEDs and lenses on three or four sides and do not necessarily have vertical LED groupings. Instead, fixtures may have adjustable-direction LED modules that may be directed to emit light in various directions for fine-tuning to desired light patterns. – In another embodiment, an outdoor light pole, having the features described above, is provided on, and hinged to, a portable base. In such an embodiment, the battery system may be located in, and provide additional weight for, the base. – In some embodiments, the solar-powered outdoor lighting system is connected to the utility grid, so that the photovoltaic panel may provide energy to the
- [14] WO2010057138A2_-_Energy-efficient_solar-powered_outdoor_lighting__593d23e6 — patent
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so that the solar collector is generally vertical; providing a lighting fixture connected to the pole and comprising multiple light emitting diodes (LEDs); providing at least one battery operatively connected to the solar collector panel and the LEDs; providing at least one motion sensor on said pole; actively controlling energy delivery from said at least one battery to said LEDs, by turning on, dimming and turning off said LEDs according to at least one mode of operation, said at least one mode of operation comprising a normal operation mode comprising turning said LEDs on at dusk to full brightness for a first predetermined amount of time, and, after said first predetermined amount of time, dimming said LEDs to a first fraction of said full brightness, until said at least one motion sensor detects a motion event near said pole and then increasing energy delivery to said LEDs for a second predetermined amount of time starting when said at least one motion sensor no longer detects said motion event, followed by reducing energy delivery to said LEDs to dim said LEDs, so that the LEDs are dimmed to less than full brightness in between motion events. The methods may include actively controlling energy delivery from said at least one battery to said LEDs by increasing energy delivery to said LEDs for a third predetermined amount of time before dawn so that said LEDs remain at full brightness until dawn. The methods may include dimming said LEDs when said at least one battery fal
- [16] DarkSky_Approved_Lodging_guidelines__2f68d3bd — authority
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should specify all of the following for each light fixture (luminaire): – Location – Purpose – Manufacturer – Model number – Light source type (e.g., incandescent, LED) – Correlated color temperature (CCT), in kelvins (K) – Luminaires total lumen output – Operational details, such as use of motion sensors, time switches (a.k.a. timeclocks), or photocells – Shielding and aiming, including IES BUG rating if available – Daytime photographs, or manufacturer diagrams or cut sheets of each fixture (luminaire) type – Sample nighttime photographs taken from defined locations as indicated on the site plan – Lighting inventory can be documented using the provided template – Note: When there are numerous outdoor light fixtures, it is acceptable to list them in groups according to purpose or area. APPENDIX B Campgrounds, temporary structures, and properties promoting ecotourism – DarkSky recognizes that it is not always feasible to hire a professional lighting designer and that people are left with no guidance on how to choose responsible lighting. For these reasons, the following recommendations are offered, which may be suitable for seasonal campgrounds, temporary structures, and properties promoting ecotourism that are located in dark sky locations. These guidelines are not appropriate for hotels and resort style facilities. In those instances, the Facility should retain the services of a qualified lighting professional. – Ideally, light fixtures (luminaires) should be certified as Da
- [19] US9860957B1_-_CCT_tuning_daylighting_system_and_-_Google_Patents__81010222 — patent
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In General (AREA) Abstract Systems and methods of adjusting a correlated color temperature (CCT) of a color-tunable light source based on one or more luminosity (lux) sensors, and without a CCT sensor, comprise receiving, at a controller, one or more signals from one or more lux sensors, the one or more signals representative of a luminous flux of natural light; determining, with the controller, a CCT of the natural light based on, at least in part, the luminous flux of the natural light; and transmitting an output signal from the controller based, at least in part, on the determined CCT of the natural light, the output signal configured to control the CCT of the color-tunable light source. Description N/A The present disclosure relates to daylighting systems and methods that utilize one or more color tunable light sources, and more specifically, to daylighting systems and method that determine the correlated color temperature (CCT) of natural daylight without the use a CCT sensor. The use and provision of daylight (daylighting) is becoming of increasing concern to architects and building engineers. Daylight can enhance the appearance of interior spaces, and can provide building occupants with social and psychological benefits. In addition, daylight can be used as a substitute or supplement to artificial lighting, which may reduce the overall energy usage of a building and impart substantial savings to building owners/occupants. Traditionally, windows have been used as the pr
- [20] ISOCIE_109162024_-_Light_and_lighting_Energy_performance__4c364be6 — authority
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# ISO/CIE 10916:2024 Source: Blog/Web URL: https://www.iso.org/standard/78287.html Author: Date: 2024-11-18 Abstract This document defines the calculation methodology for determining the monthly and annual amount of usable daylight penetrating non-residential buildings through vertical facades and rooflights and the impact thereof on the energy demand for electric lighting. This document is applicable for existing buildings and the design of new and renovated buildings. This document provides the overall lighting energy balance equation relating the installed power density of the electric lighting system with daylight supply and lighting controls (proof calculation method). The determination of the installed power density is not in the scope of this method, neither are controls relating, for instance, to occupancy detection. Provided the determination of the installed power density and control parameters using external sources, the internal loads by lighting and the lighting energy demand itself can be calculated. The energy demand for lighting and internal loads by lighting can then be taken into account in the overall building energy balance calculations: — heating; — ventilation; — climate regulation and control (including cooling and humidification); — heating the domestic hot-water supply of buildings. For estimating the daylight supply and rating daylight-dependent electric lighting control systems, a simple table-based calculation approach is provided. The simple metho
- [21] IES_Learning_Lightingforyou__bb3d6511 — authority
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obstructions. This document addresses security illumination but does not give advice on technical construction practices. The objective is to provide guidance for designing security lighting systems for new facilities and for evaluation and retrofitting of existing facilities and systems in response to known or perceived threats. This publication is for the use of property owners and managers, crime prevention specialists, law enforcement and security professionals, risk managers, lighting specifiers, contractors, homeowners, and those responsible for the protection of critical infrastructure who are concerned about security and the detection of crime. Guide for Security Lighting for People, Property and Critical Infrastructure Our eyes change as we age. In this guide learn about lighting exterior pathways, making house numbers easy to read, lighting your garage – then head indoors for family rooms, kitchens, bathrooms and more. Free download! More from IES – This webinar aligns illumination science with our environmental considerations to present practical advice for all professionals facilitating the process toward best practice lighting solutions for people and the outdoor environment. – This seminar outlines the steps taken on various diverse projects to address those essentials and create the desired mood, atmosphere, and functionality. – The new ANSI-approved RP-11 addresses the many and varied visual tasks in a residential environment, during many activities and needs
- [23] Light_and_Lighting_Maintenance_Factor_Determination_Way_of__367a34bd — authority
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# Light and Lighting — Maintenance Factor Determination — Way of Working Source: Blog/Web URL: https://cie.co.at/publications/light-and-lighting-maintenance-factor-determination-way-working Author: Date: 2026-01-01 This document is a Technical Specification outlining a way of working to determine the maintenance factor for both outdoor and indoor lighting installations using the methodology as described in CIE 154:2003 and CIE 097:2005. The document combines insights from IEC standards with regard to product performance of luminaires and light sources currently in the market with the existing determination methodology from CIE Technical Reports. Furthermore, it references the data in the CIE Technical Reports with regard to the impact of the environment on luminaires (accumulation of dirt on surfaces and luminaires). The document provides background information with respect to the principles of the maintenance factor and the relevant parameters for indoor and outdoor applications, a detailed way of working on how to apply the maintenance factor determination method (as described in CIE 154:2003 and CIE 097:2005) for outdoor and indoor lighting designs using the technologies available in the market, and an explanation and examples on how to apply the maintenance factor and how to ensure proper operation over time corresponding to the determined values. This joint ISO/CIE Technical Specification has been approved by the CIE National Committees and by ISO. It is readily availabl
- [25] CN104713016A_-_Novel_solar_street_lamp_-_Google_Patents__6804764f — patent
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regulate light-source brightness to the brightest, reach current illumination object, when object leaves investigative range, infrared sensor again sends a signal to controller and light-source brightness is adjusted to power save mode. Described street lamp body is by lamp stand, arm, lamp holder, built-in fitting forms, and contiguous solar panel place, lamp stand top connects arm, arm end is connected with lamp holder, lamp stand is hollow structure, and lamp stand upper end is fixed with infrared sensor, and lower end cavity internal fixtion has controller, lamp stand is fixed on the ground by ground built-in fitting, has battery in built-in fitting. Described solar panel is single-crystalline-silicon solar-cell panel. Described solar panel slant setting. Described infrared sensor is placed on lamp stand. Beneficial effect The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: distinguish common solar street light, when on road surface without Pedestrians and vehicles through out-of-date, light is adjusted to electricity-saving state automatically, can cannot charge at reply cloudy day of longer time, effectively save the energy; When having pedestrian or vehicle to enter infrared sensor investigative range, infrared sensor transmits signals to controller, and its brightness is increased, facilitates Pedestrians and vehicles process, the energy both saved by this new type solar energy street lamp, does not also affect Pedestrians and vehicles through out-of-date brightness
box or protruding battery structure on or near the pole. In the event that the purchaser or public wish the lighting system to match or be reminiscent of previously-installed or other conventional street lights, a conventional-looking lighting fixture may be provided in addition to the preferred LED fixture. Said conventional-looking lighting fixture may extend horizontally or from atop the pole, and may be purely decorative, or may have a minimal or token light-emitting device therein. Such a decorative light fixture may more easily meet with approval from the public and/or may blend in with traditional street lights that remain in an area. By using a combination of the LED fixture and a decorative fixture, the single LED light-producing section may be engineered and installed, while preserving various aesthetic options for the city, county, or neighborhood and/or while allowing the new solar-powered lights to “blend in” with the street lights already in place. Further, the decorative light fixtures may be light-weight and designed to break-away in high winds or storms, thus minimizing the damage to the pole, surrounding property, and/or people. The preferred LED light fixture comprises arrays of LED's that emit light from at least three and preferably four generally vertical sides of the fixture. The LED light fixture may emit light out in patterns extending 180 degrees-360 degrees around the fixture, for example. The LED fixture comprises heat exchange or other cooling mea
fixture may more easily meet with approval from the public and/or may blend in with traditional street lights that remain in an area. By using a combination of the LED fixture and a decorative fixture, the single LED light- producing section may be engineered and installed, while preserving various aesthetic options for the city, county, or neighborhood and/or while allowing the new solar- powered lights to "blend in" with the street lights already in place. Further, the decorative light fixtures may be light-weight and designed to break-away in high winds or storms, thus minimizing the damage to the pole, surrounding property, and/or people. [0064] In the "in-pole" light fixture of Figures 1 , 2, 7, 8, 10-13, and 18, the array of LEDs emit light from at least three and preferably four generally vertical sides of the fixture. The LED light fixture may emit light out in patterns extending 180 degrees – 360 degrees around the fixture, for example. The LED fixture comprises heat exchange or other cooling means in order to lower the temperature of the LEDs and the associated equipment. [0065] Other examples of invented light fixtures are described later in this document and are shown in Figures 22, 29, and 30 – 33E, which fixtures do not have LEDs and lenses on three or four sides and do not necessarily have vertical LED groupings. Instead, fixtures may have adjustable-direction LED modules that may be directed to emit light in various directions for fine-tuning to desired light
# Solar Lighting and Photovoltaic Systems Source: Blog/Web URL: https://www.ul.com/services/solar-lighting-and-photovoltaic-systems Author: Date: 2026-01-01 UL 8801, Standard for Photovoltaic (PV) Luminaire Systems Increasing popularity of solar and PV lighting The growing availability of energy-efficient, mid-sized photovoltaic (PV) lighting options, combined with rising consumer interest, is driving a need for new benchmarks in safety, cost savings and ease of installation worldwide. As a vital component of rural, off-the-grid development, and as a way for urban utility grids to preserve capacity, PV and solar lighting systems have increased expectations for versatility, reliability and durability. PV-powered luminaire systems are ideal for illuminating areas that lack a utility connection or reducing electrical use and cost in areas that have a connection. As a result, PV solutions hold great interest for manufacturers, property owners, utilities, municipalities and other stakeholders. Common applications in residential, public spaces and infrastructure include: – Pathway stake lights – Driveway or garden post lights – Exterior building wall-mounted area lighting – Municipal park post lights – Parking and area lighting – Streetlights Lighting for sustainability Our principal engineer discusses lighting for sustainability. PV safety standards and regulations We have capabilities and competencies for IEC, EN and regional/national standards and in the IECEE CB Scheme related
# Light and lighting — Energy performance of lighting in buildings — Calculation of the impact of daylight utilization Source: Blog/Web URL: https://cie.co.at/publications/light-and-lighting-energy-performance-lighting-buildings-calculation-impact-daylight Author: Date: 2026-01-01 This International Standard was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 274, Light and lighting, in collaboration with the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). This first edition of ISO/CIE 10916 cancels and replaces ISO 10916:2014, which has been technically revised. This International Standard is part of a set of standards which allows users to rate the overall energetic performance of buildings. Facades and rooflights have a key impact on the building’s energy balance. This document supports daylighting and lighting-energy-related analysis and optimization of facade and rooflight systems. This International Standard defines the calculation methodology for determining the monthly and annual amount of usable daylight penetrating non-residential buildings through vertical facades and rooflights and the impact thereof on the energy demand for electric lighting. It is applicable for existing buildings and the design of new and renovated buildings. It also provides the overall lighting energy balance equation relating the installed power density of the electric lighting system with daylight supply and lighting controls (proof calculation method). For estimating the daylight supply and rating
solar-powered lights to “blend in” with the street lights already in place. Further, the decorative light fixtures may be light-weight and designed to break-away in high winds or storms, thus minimizing the damage to the pole, surrounding property, and/or people. – In the “in-pole” light fixture of FIGS. 1 , 2, 7, 8, 10-13, and 18, the array of LEDs emit light from at least three and preferably four generally vertical sides of the fixture. The LED light fixture may emit light out in patterns extending 180 degrees-360 degrees around the fixture, for example. The LED fixture comprises heat exchange or other cooling means in order to lower the temperature of the LEDs and the associated equipment. – Other examples of invented light fixtures are described later in this document and are shown in FIGS. 22 , 29, and 30-33E, which fixtures do not have LEDs and lenses on three or four sides and do not necessarily have vertical LED groupings. Instead, fixtures may have adjustable-direction LED modules that may be directed to emit light in various directions for fine-tuning to desired light patterns. – In another embodiment, an outdoor light pole, having the features described above, is provided on, and hinged to, a portable base. In such an embodiment, the battery system may be located in, and provide additional weight for, the base. – In some embodiments, the solar-powered outdoor lighting system is connected to the utility grid, so that the photovoltaic panel may provide energy to the
so that the solar collector is generally vertical; providing a lighting fixture connected to the pole and comprising multiple light emitting diodes (LEDs); providing at least one battery operatively connected to the solar collector panel and the LEDs; providing at least one motion sensor on said pole; actively controlling energy delivery from said at least one battery to said LEDs, by turning on, dimming and turning off said LEDs according to at least one mode of operation, said at least one mode of operation comprising a normal operation mode comprising turning said LEDs on at dusk to full brightness for a first predetermined amount of time, and, after said first predetermined amount of time, dimming said LEDs to a first fraction of said full brightness, until said at least one motion sensor detects a motion event near said pole and then increasing energy delivery to said LEDs for a second predetermined amount of time starting when said at least one motion sensor no longer detects said motion event, followed by reducing energy delivery to said LEDs to dim said LEDs, so that the LEDs are dimmed to less than full brightness in between motion events. The methods may include actively controlling energy delivery from said at least one battery to said LEDs by increasing energy delivery to said LEDs for a third predetermined amount of time before dawn so that said LEDs remain at full brightness until dawn. The methods may include dimming said LEDs when said at least one battery fal
should specify all of the following for each light fixture (luminaire): – Location – Purpose – Manufacturer – Model number – Light source type (e.g., incandescent, LED) – Correlated color temperature (CCT), in kelvins (K) – Luminaires total lumen output – Operational details, such as use of motion sensors, time switches (a.k.a. timeclocks), or photocells – Shielding and aiming, including IES BUG rating if available – Daytime photographs, or manufacturer diagrams or cut sheets of each fixture (luminaire) type – Sample nighttime photographs taken from defined locations as indicated on the site plan – Lighting inventory can be documented using the provided template – Note: When there are numerous outdoor light fixtures, it is acceptable to list them in groups according to purpose or area. APPENDIX B Campgrounds, temporary structures, and properties promoting ecotourism – DarkSky recognizes that it is not always feasible to hire a professional lighting designer and that people are left with no guidance on how to choose responsible lighting. For these reasons, the following recommendations are offered, which may be suitable for seasonal campgrounds, temporary structures, and properties promoting ecotourism that are located in dark sky locations. These guidelines are not appropriate for hotels and resort style facilities. In those instances, the Facility should retain the services of a qualified lighting professional. – Ideally, light fixtures (luminaires) should be certified as Da
In General (AREA) Abstract Systems and methods of adjusting a correlated color temperature (CCT) of a color-tunable light source based on one or more luminosity (lux) sensors, and without a CCT sensor, comprise receiving, at a controller, one or more signals from one or more lux sensors, the one or more signals representative of a luminous flux of natural light; determining, with the controller, a CCT of the natural light based on, at least in part, the luminous flux of the natural light; and transmitting an output signal from the controller based, at least in part, on the determined CCT of the natural light, the output signal configured to control the CCT of the color-tunable light source. Description N/A The present disclosure relates to daylighting systems and methods that utilize one or more color tunable light sources, and more specifically, to daylighting systems and method that determine the correlated color temperature (CCT) of natural daylight without the use a CCT sensor. The use and provision of daylight (daylighting) is becoming of increasing concern to architects and building engineers. Daylight can enhance the appearance of interior spaces, and can provide building occupants with social and psychological benefits. In addition, daylight can be used as a substitute or supplement to artificial lighting, which may reduce the overall energy usage of a building and impart substantial savings to building owners/occupants. Traditionally, windows have been used as the pr
# ISO/CIE 10916:2024 Source: Blog/Web URL: https://www.iso.org/standard/78287.html Author: Date: 2024-11-18 Abstract This document defines the calculation methodology for determining the monthly and annual amount of usable daylight penetrating non-residential buildings through vertical facades and rooflights and the impact thereof on the energy demand for electric lighting. This document is applicable for existing buildings and the design of new and renovated buildings. This document provides the overall lighting energy balance equation relating the installed power density of the electric lighting system with daylight supply and lighting controls (proof calculation method). The determination of the installed power density is not in the scope of this method, neither are controls relating, for instance, to occupancy detection. Provided the determination of the installed power density and control parameters using external sources, the internal loads by lighting and the lighting energy demand itself can be calculated. The energy demand for lighting and internal loads by lighting can then be taken into account in the overall building energy balance calculations: — heating; — ventilation; — climate regulation and control (including cooling and humidification); — heating the domestic hot-water supply of buildings. For estimating the daylight supply and rating daylight-dependent electric lighting control systems, a simple table-based calculation approach is provided. The simple metho
obstructions. This document addresses security illumination but does not give advice on technical construction practices. The objective is to provide guidance for designing security lighting systems for new facilities and for evaluation and retrofitting of existing facilities and systems in response to known or perceived threats. This publication is for the use of property owners and managers, crime prevention specialists, law enforcement and security professionals, risk managers, lighting specifiers, contractors, homeowners, and those responsible for the protection of critical infrastructure who are concerned about security and the detection of crime. Guide for Security Lighting for People, Property and Critical Infrastructure Our eyes change as we age. In this guide learn about lighting exterior pathways, making house numbers easy to read, lighting your garage – then head indoors for family rooms, kitchens, bathrooms and more. Free download! More from IES – This webinar aligns illumination science with our environmental considerations to present practical advice for all professionals facilitating the process toward best practice lighting solutions for people and the outdoor environment. – This seminar outlines the steps taken on various diverse projects to address those essentials and create the desired mood, atmosphere, and functionality. – The new ANSI-approved RP-11 addresses the many and varied visual tasks in a residential environment, during many activities and needs
# Light and Lighting — Maintenance Factor Determination — Way of Working Source: Blog/Web URL: https://cie.co.at/publications/light-and-lighting-maintenance-factor-determination-way-working Author: Date: 2026-01-01 This document is a Technical Specification outlining a way of working to determine the maintenance factor for both outdoor and indoor lighting installations using the methodology as described in CIE 154:2003 and CIE 097:2005. The document combines insights from IEC standards with regard to product performance of luminaires and light sources currently in the market with the existing determination methodology from CIE Technical Reports. Furthermore, it references the data in the CIE Technical Reports with regard to the impact of the environment on luminaires (accumulation of dirt on surfaces and luminaires). The document provides background information with respect to the principles of the maintenance factor and the relevant parameters for indoor and outdoor applications, a detailed way of working on how to apply the maintenance factor determination method (as described in CIE 154:2003 and CIE 097:2005) for outdoor and indoor lighting designs using the technologies available in the market, and an explanation and examples on how to apply the maintenance factor and how to ensure proper operation over time corresponding to the determined values. This joint ISO/CIE Technical Specification has been approved by the CIE National Committees and by ISO. It is readily availabl
regulate light-source brightness to the brightest, reach current illumination object, when object leaves investigative range, infrared sensor again sends a signal to controller and light-source brightness is adjusted to power save mode. Described street lamp body is by lamp stand, arm, lamp holder, built-in fitting forms, and contiguous solar panel place, lamp stand top connects arm, arm end is connected with lamp holder, lamp stand is hollow structure, and lamp stand upper end is fixed with infrared sensor, and lower end cavity internal fixtion has controller, lamp stand is fixed on the ground by ground built-in fitting, has battery in built-in fitting. Described solar panel is single-crystalline-silicon solar-cell panel. Described solar panel slant setting. Described infrared sensor is placed on lamp stand. Beneficial effect The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: distinguish common solar street light, when on road surface without Pedestrians and vehicles through out-of-date, light is adjusted to electricity-saving state automatically, can cannot charge at reply cloudy day of longer time, effectively save the energy; When having pedestrian or vehicle to enter infrared sensor investigative range, infrared sensor transmits signals to controller, and its brightness is increased, facilitates Pedestrians and vehicles process, the energy both saved by this new type solar energy street lamp, does not also affect Pedestrians and vehicles through out-of-date brightness