> Quick answer: The EN 62471 standard classifies the photobiological safety risk group of a 2000-lumen, 6500K solar lamp based on its spectral power distribution. Without specific emission data, it cannot be definitively classified as RG0 [1][7]. Mounting height to ensure RG0 is not specified in the sources.
The photobiological safety classification of a 2000-lumen, 6500K solar lamp under EN 62471 depends on its spectral power distribution, not just its luminous output or correlated color temperature (CCT). Let’s dive into what this means for consumers and manufacturers in Romania.
Photobiological Safety Classification
The EN 62471 standard categorizes lamps into four risk groups (RG0 to RG3) based on the acute exposure to optical radiation [1][7][11]. A lamp is classified as:
- RG0: Exempt from risk
- RG1: Low risk
- RG2 and RG3: Higher risk
Higher CCTs, such as 6500K, are associated with increased blue-light content, which can elevate the blue-light hazard [7][21]. However, the sources do not specify whether a 2000-lumen, 6500K lamp is RG2 or RG3. The classification depends on the actual spectral power distribution and not just CCT.
Mounting Height for Safety
The mounting height that makes a solar lamp RG0 cannot be specified from the given sources [4]. While the inverse square law applies to non-laser light, meaning intensity decreases with distance, no specific distance is quantified for shifting risk groups. Lamps are measured at 20 cm, which is not intended for use and can lead to higher risks if improperly used [2].
| Component | RG Classification |
| – | – |
| Spectral Power Distribution | Critical in determining RG |
| Blue-Light Emission Levels | Important factor |
| UV Emission Levels | Key consideration |
Specific Findings on Solar Lamps
- Testing Requirements: Manufacturers must test individual products to determine the photobiological safety classification [3].
- Long-Term Exposure Risks: The standard does not account for long-term exposure or sensitive populations, meaning RG0 does not guarantee complete safety over decades [1][2][10][18].
- Additional Certification: In horticultural settings, additional standards like UL 8800 are required to ensure photobiological safety [5][8].
Labeling and Consumer Awareness
Lamps in RG2 or RG3 must be labeled with hazard warnings, but there is no mention of labeling for RG0 or RG1 lamps. This could lead to a false sense of security among consumers [4].
Key Insights:
- Intermittent Operation: Solar lamps’ intermittent operation or battery charging cycles may affect risk classification.
- Motion Sensors and Dimming Features: These features can influence exposure duration and intensity, potentially affecting the lamp’s risk group.
Conclusion
The provided sources confirm that EN 62471 governs photobiological safety classifications into RG0–RG3 based on acute exposure. Most lamps are classified as either RG0 or RG1. However, specific data for a 2000-lumen, 6500K solar lamp is not available [1][7].
Key Takeaways
- Photobiological safety classification depends on spectral power distribution.
- Mounting height cannot be definitively specified from the provided sources.
- RG0 does not guarantee complete long-term safety.
References
- [1] 7_Are_there_potential_health_risks_linked_to_artificial_lights__e7a93b9f — authority
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also at a distance of 20 cm. Based on these measurements, lamps are then classified according to the “Risk Group” (RG) to which they belong. RG0 (exempt from risk) and RG1 (minor risk) do not pose any hazards during normal circumstances. RG2 (medium risk) lamps also do not normally pose any hazards, due to our aversion responses to very bright light sources or due to the fact that we would experience thermal discomfort. RG3 (high risk) include only lamps where a short-term exposure poses a hazard. Importantly, this classification is based on acute exposure responses (a single day, up to 8 hours) and applies only to individuals of normal sensitivity. It should be noted, with respect to RG3 that the risk classification does not consider either long-term exposures or particularly sensitive persons in the population. SCENIHR’s answers to the questions given in the Terms of Reference are given directly in connection with the questions below: A: To explore and report scientific evidence on potential health impacts on the general public caused by artificial light of which the main purpose is to radiate in the visible range (as opposed to artificial light where the invisible part of the radiation is the main purpose, e.g. suntanning lamps or infrared lamps). The impacts of the light from all available electrical lighting technologies should be studied, both in the visible and invisible range (with specific analyses of the ultraviolet radiation subtypes UVA, UVB and UVC). A combined a
- [2] 7_Are_there_potential_health_risks_linked_to_artificial_lights__e7a93b9f — authority
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data show that for all investigated hazard outcomes, the absolute majority of lamps are classified as Risk Group 0 (RG0; "exempt from risk"). Most of the rare exceptions are classified as Risk Group 1 (RG1; "low risk"). The very few lamps assigned to higher Risk Groups were either measured without the required UV-shielding glass cover, or at a very short distance (20 cm) which is not the intended use distance for this lamp type. Standard EN 62471 gives limits that are protective against acute effects, while long-term effects are only marginally considered. Thus the emissions in e.g. the UV range may comply with these limits, but may still have an effect on skin carcinoma incidences when a population is subjected to extensive and large scale exposure to these lamps. A common exposure situation, such as most household lighting, would involve an illumination level which is so low that exposure to potentially problematic radiation is considered negligible (with the possible exception of prolonged task lighting with a lamp close to the body which may lead to UV exposures approaching the current workplace limit set to protect workers from skin and retinal damage). However, according to a worst case scenario developed in the scientific rationale, the highest measured emissions of UV from fluorescent lamps used typically indoors in professional environments, although well below the limits for RG0, could be contributing to the number of squamous cell carcinomas in the EU population. T
- [3] Photobiological_Safety_of_Lamps_and_Lamp_Systems_CIE__6107a366 — authority
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# Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems Source: Blog/Web URL: https://cie.co.at/publications/photobiological-safety-lamps-and-lamp-systems Author: Date: 2026-01-01 Superseded by Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems,2nd Edition Dual IEC/CIE Logo Standard IEC 62471/CIE S 009/E&F:2002 (bilingual edition) Lamps were developed and produced in large quantities and became commonplace in an era when industry-wide safety standards were not the norm. The evaluation and control of optical radiation hazards from lamps and lamp systems is a far more complicated subject than similar tasks for a single-wavelength laser system. The required radiometric measurements are quite involved, for they do not deal with the simple optics of a point source, but rather with an extended source that may or may not be altered by diffusers or projection optics. Also the wavelength distribution of the lamp may be altered by ancillary optical elements, diffusers, lenses, and the like, as well as variations in operating conditions. To evaluate a broad-band optical source, such as an arc lamp, an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp, an array of lamps or a lamp system, it is first necessary to determine the spectral distribution of optical radiation emitted from the source at the point or points of nearest human access. This accessible emission spectral distribution of interest for a lighting system may differ from that actually being emitted by the lamp alone due to the filtration by an
- [4] Light-Emitting_Diodes_LEDs_-_Berkeley_Lab_EHS__86f5e17f — authority
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the high-risk LEDs, ensuring that personnel are aware of the potential hazards, and providing personnel with training and safe working instructions. Training Personnel should carefully study the manufacturer’s manuals for the LED equipment and be familiar with its use. The manufacturer’s manuals provide specific safety-related information that must be completely understood before using the equipment. It is important never to deviate from the instructions for safe operation. If any uncertainty or concern exists regarding the safe use of LED equipment, contact the manufacturer for clarification. At a minimum, lab personnel should be familiar with the following when working with or around LED light: – Proper use of the LED light-producing equipment – Warning signs and labels – Proper use of protective equipment provided by the manufacturer (e.g., shields/enclosures), as well as personal protective equipment (PPE) – Symptoms of LED exposure Minimizing exposure Do not view the LED lamp directly. Although the inverse square law applies to non-laser-beam light radiation, it is not advisable to look directly at any LED source. Hazard warning signs The lamp standard requires that LED products be labeled to exhibit the risk group of blue-light hazard when it is classified as RG2 or RG3. Furthermore, for all products in excess of the exempt group (RG0), the manufacturer should provide the following user information: – A clear statement that the lamp or lamp system exceeds the exempt gro
- [5] LED_professional_Symposium_Expert_Talks_on_Light__Horticultural_Lighting_Relationship_between_Plants_and_LEDs_by_KC_Fletcher_CSA_G__bdUJfopLu7c — youtube
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in non-hazardous locations but ul 8800 applies specifically to horticulture lighting systems and 8800 refers directly to 1598 for all the testing requirements but it also adds a photobiological safety evaluation uh typical testing conducted under 1598 includes uh let's see electrical testing temperature testing uh rain testing humidity testing uh dielectric testing groundbond testing strain relief i could go on it is a pretty big testing regime and then the the ip rating or ingress protection is a supplemental rating that it has no bearing whatsoever on the north american certification but manufacturers often proper requests to get an ip rating due to you know the more aggressive environments uh in in horticulture applications uh so back to the uh previously mentioned photobiological safety evaluation it is required by ul 8800 in the form of an iec 6471 test and the main objective of this evaluation is to protect the people that are working uh in in these environments with the plants um the the six two four seven one applies only to human eye uh and skin uh safety uh so first there's there's weighting functions that are assigned to different wave bands in the spectrum because uh you know for some wavelengths that are outside of the human eye response range if these products are producing those the issue is that those wavelengths don't provoke an aversion response reflex so you don't necessarily know that you may be harmed by by these wavelengths uh and then algorithms are use
- [7] Light-Emitting_Diodes_LEDs_-_Berkeley_Lab_EHS__86f5e17f — authority
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to greater exposure to blue/short-wavelength light. Higher correlated color temperature (CCT) (“cool” light) is thought to increase alertness, whereas lower CCT (“warm” light) is expected to induce relaxation/calmness. The CCTs of early LEDs were 6,000 K or higher and were not well accepted by the public because the bluish-white light was described as harsh, with poor color rendering. A warmer CCT of approximately 3,000–4,000 K is more acceptable. For comparison, consider that the CCT of clear daylight is in the range of 6,000–7,000 K, while on a cloudy day, it is in the range of 4,000–5,000 K, and the CCTs of incandescent lamps are around 2,700 K. Exposure Assessment and Limits As mentioned above, LEDs are regulated by the lamps standard (IEC/EN 62471, Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems). The standard provides the methods for the classification of lamps into one of four risk groups (RGs), RG0, RG1, RG2, and RG3, which are based on established exposure limits. If a lamp is classified as RG0 (also known as “exempt”), no risk is associated with exposure to it. The risk from exposure to lamps in risk groups above RG0 increases gradually to RG3. The focus of a safety assessment is RG3, which is high risk. Typically, the manufacturer labels LED lamps according to their risk group. LEDs have a spectral bandwidth much greater than that of lasers, and because they are not “point sources,” they should be treated as incoherent optical sources. For broadband incoherent sou
- [8] New_Safety_Standard_for_Horticultural_Lighting_Equipment__6a9c53e3 — authority
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a purple hue, which can be potentially harmful to people entering or working in the grow facility. In addition to having a different light output characteristic, horticultural lighting equipment often has other design features specifically designed for the grow environment. The UL 8800 Standard has a targeted scope that addresses the unique safety issues associated with horticultural luminaires and horticultural lighting systems. Here is a brief summary of several key safety requirements contained in UL 8800: – Wiring and connection methods –Horticultural luminaires are typically designed to be frequently raised, lowered or repositioned as plants grow. UL 8800 addresses requirements for specialized wiring and connection methods that support positioning flexibility within a grow facility. – Environmental conditions – General environmental conditions within indoor agricultural operations can vary widely, with high humidity levels and temperature conditions. UL 8800 requires horticultural luminaires to have either a damp or wet environmental rating only, and, includes provisions for testing to increased ambient temperatures. Lighting equipment achieving UL 8800 Certification bear markings that verify these characteristics. – Ingress protection – Equipment used in indoor agricultural operations are also at greater risk of infiltration from dust, moisture and water that can compromise their reliability. UL 8800 addresses these risks with ingress protection (IP) testing that classi
- [10] 7_Are_there_potential_health_risks_linked_to_artificial_lights__e7a93b9f — authority
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measured UV output (still well within Risk Group 0), such exposure adds the equivalent of 3 to 5 days vacation in a sunny location to the average annual UV dose. Although this would lead to an increase in the personal risk of squamous cell carcinoma, such an increase would remain small (a few % over a lifetime in Denmark). Population-wide exposure to such lamps could, however, add approximately 100 cases of squamous cell carcinomas a year to a base line of 900 cases/year in Denmark. It should be stressed that the UV output of most of the fluorescent lamps tested fall well below this level, and are not expected to affect squamous cell carcinoma incidences. Improper use of lamps belonging to Risk Groups 1- 3 (due to missing or disregarded user information, non-professional installation) could cause retinal damage. While no such cases are known, appropriate measures could be considered to ensure that these lamps are not misused. The current standardization of lighting lamps and luminaires in four risk categories appears sufficient to limit the personal short-term risk. However, RG0, as it is based on acute effects, should not be taken to imply adequate protection of the general population as a whole from effects after long-term exposure to UV radiation. Nevertheless, it would be useful to communicate information on risk categories to the consumer. The previous SCENIHR opinion (SCENIHR 2008) stated that a number of patients are exceptionally sensitive to UV/blue light exposure. T
- [11] Light-Emitting_Diodes_LEDs_-_Berkeley_Lab_EHS__86f5e17f — authority
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of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), 2016. 2016 TLVs and BEIs. American National Standards Institute/Illumination Engineering Society of North America (ANSI/IESNA), 2015. Photobiological Safety for Lamps and Lamp Systems – General Requirements, ANSI/IESNA RP‑27.1-15. ANSI/IESNA, 2017. Recommended Practice for Photobiological Safety for Lamps – Risk Group Classification and Labeling, ANSI/IESNA RP-27.3-17. Haigh, N., 2020. Optical Hazard Assessment in the Ultraviolet Region Using Laser Safety (60825) and Lamp Safety (62471) Guidelines, LIA Today 28 (2): 8–12. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), 2000. ICNIRP Statement on Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and Laser Diodes: Implications for Hazard Assessment, Health Physics 78 (6): 744–752. ICNIRP, 2004. Guidelines on Limits of Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation of Wavelengths Between 180 nm and 400 nm (Incoherent Optical Radiation), Health Physics 87 (2): 171–186. ICNIRP, 2013. ICNIRP Guidelines on Limits of Exposure to Incoherent Visible and Infrared Radiation, Health Physics, 105 (1): 74–96. ICNIRP, 2020. Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs): Implications for Safety, Health Physics 118 (5): 549–561. International Electrotechnical Commission IEC/EN 62471, 2006. Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems. International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 62471-2, 2009. Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems – Part 2: Guidance on Manufacturing Requirements Relating to Non-laser Optical
- [18] Health_effects_of_artificial_light_-_European_Commission__b6d1147d — authority
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in risk groups is primarily based on a UV exposure limit for indoor workers. This exposure limit has been translated into an emission limit of 2 mW actinic UV per klm. Lamps below this emission limit are in the first and lowest risk group which is considered “safe” and exempt of any liability. Although personal risks may be low under these exposure and emission limits, adopting these limits for the general population can, nevertheless, conceivably result in a substantial number of additional cases of skin carcinomas each year (section 3.7). Any acceptable limit on population-wide risk should be translated into UV exposure limits for the general population and corresponding limits on UV emissions from lamps for lighting purposes. This retracing of a risk limit to an emission limit would require reliable data on personal (UV) exposures from lamps and luminaires in actual practice (with known spectral output in UV and VIS, and known UV radiant power over luminous flux ratios [W/lm] and illuminances [lx]). As such detailed data are currently lacking, a UV emission limit can now only be based on worst case scenarios like those presented in section 3.7. With any of these potential health effects from artificial lighting sources, it is always advisable to take sun exposure (however variable it may be) as a reference. Designing light sources to include UV and stimulate vitamin D (such as “Full Spectrum Fluorescent Lighting”, Hughes and Neer 1981, as referred to by McColl and Veitch 2
- [21] US9494297B1_-_Solar-powered_LED_module_and_lighting_fixtures__76c7bd5c — patent
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18 is powered at 277 milliamps and provides 1000 lumens. – the color temperature of the at least one LED 18 is selected from a range of 2700-8300 Kelvin, depending on the desired illuminated effect. – the LED light module 110 may be used alone as a single light source for a lighting fixture, or a plurality of LED light modules 110 may be combined to increase the total light output of the lighting fixture. – An example of a lighting fixture using multiple LED light modules 110 is shown in FIGS. 10 and 18 . – a solar-powered LED lighting fixture 200 may include at least one LED light module 210 positioned within a lamp fixture 222 , which may be mounted on a lamppost 224 . – the LED light module 210 may include the construction as shown in FIG. – tubular module post 212 may extend from the base to the top of the lamp fixture 222 . – a solar-powered LED lighting fixture 200 further includes a solar panel array 250 , a control circuit board 260 , and a rechargeable battery 228 , wherein the solar panel array 250 is electrically connected to the control circuit board 260 , which is also electrically connected to the rechargeable battery 228 and the LED module 210 . – the solar panel array 250 includes at least one solar panel 258 , which in turn includes an arrangement of a plurality of photovoltaic cells 252 electrically connected in either series or parallel to generate sufficient voltage and current to charge the rechargeable battery 228 . – the photovoltaic cells 252 operate t
also at a distance of 20 cm. Based on these measurements, lamps are then classified according to the “Risk Group” (RG) to which they belong. RG0 (exempt from risk) and RG1 (minor risk) do not pose any hazards during normal circumstances. RG2 (medium risk) lamps also do not normally pose any hazards, due to our aversion responses to very bright light sources or due to the fact that we would experience thermal discomfort. RG3 (high risk) include only lamps where a short-term exposure poses a hazard. Importantly, this classification is based on acute exposure responses (a single day, up to 8 hours) and applies only to individuals of normal sensitivity. It should be noted, with respect to RG3 that the risk classification does not consider either long-term exposures or particularly sensitive persons in the population. SCENIHR’s answers to the questions given in the Terms of Reference are given directly in connection with the questions below: A: To explore and report scientific evidence on potential health impacts on the general public caused by artificial light of which the main purpose is to radiate in the visible range (as opposed to artificial light where the invisible part of the radiation is the main purpose, e.g. suntanning lamps or infrared lamps). The impacts of the light from all available electrical lighting technologies should be studied, both in the visible and invisible range (with specific analyses of the ultraviolet radiation subtypes UVA, UVB and UVC). A combined a
data show that for all investigated hazard outcomes, the absolute majority of lamps are classified as Risk Group 0 (RG0; "exempt from risk"). Most of the rare exceptions are classified as Risk Group 1 (RG1; "low risk"). The very few lamps assigned to higher Risk Groups were either measured without the required UV-shielding glass cover, or at a very short distance (20 cm) which is not the intended use distance for this lamp type. Standard EN 62471 gives limits that are protective against acute effects, while long-term effects are only marginally considered. Thus the emissions in e.g. the UV range may comply with these limits, but may still have an effect on skin carcinoma incidences when a population is subjected to extensive and large scale exposure to these lamps. A common exposure situation, such as most household lighting, would involve an illumination level which is so low that exposure to potentially problematic radiation is considered negligible (with the possible exception of prolonged task lighting with a lamp close to the body which may lead to UV exposures approaching the current workplace limit set to protect workers from skin and retinal damage). However, according to a worst case scenario developed in the scientific rationale, the highest measured emissions of UV from fluorescent lamps used typically indoors in professional environments, although well below the limits for RG0, could be contributing to the number of squamous cell carcinomas in the EU population. T
# Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems Source: Blog/Web URL: https://cie.co.at/publications/photobiological-safety-lamps-and-lamp-systems Author: Date: 2026-01-01 Superseded by Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems,2nd Edition Dual IEC/CIE Logo Standard IEC 62471/CIE S 009/E&F:2002 (bilingual edition) Lamps were developed and produced in large quantities and became commonplace in an era when industry-wide safety standards were not the norm. The evaluation and control of optical radiation hazards from lamps and lamp systems is a far more complicated subject than similar tasks for a single-wavelength laser system. The required radiometric measurements are quite involved, for they do not deal with the simple optics of a point source, but rather with an extended source that may or may not be altered by diffusers or projection optics. Also the wavelength distribution of the lamp may be altered by ancillary optical elements, diffusers, lenses, and the like, as well as variations in operating conditions. To evaluate a broad-band optical source, such as an arc lamp, an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp, an array of lamps or a lamp system, it is first necessary to determine the spectral distribution of optical radiation emitted from the source at the point or points of nearest human access. This accessible emission spectral distribution of interest for a lighting system may differ from that actually being emitted by the lamp alone due to the filtration by an
the high-risk LEDs, ensuring that personnel are aware of the potential hazards, and providing personnel with training and safe working instructions. Training Personnel should carefully study the manufacturer’s manuals for the LED equipment and be familiar with its use. The manufacturer’s manuals provide specific safety-related information that must be completely understood before using the equipment. It is important never to deviate from the instructions for safe operation. If any uncertainty or concern exists regarding the safe use of LED equipment, contact the manufacturer for clarification. At a minimum, lab personnel should be familiar with the following when working with or around LED light: – Proper use of the LED light-producing equipment – Warning signs and labels – Proper use of protective equipment provided by the manufacturer (e.g., shields/enclosures), as well as personal protective equipment (PPE) – Symptoms of LED exposure Minimizing exposure Do not view the LED lamp directly. Although the inverse square law applies to non-laser-beam light radiation, it is not advisable to look directly at any LED source. Hazard warning signs The lamp standard requires that LED products be labeled to exhibit the risk group of blue-light hazard when it is classified as RG2 or RG3. Furthermore, for all products in excess of the exempt group (RG0), the manufacturer should provide the following user information: – A clear statement that the lamp or lamp system exceeds the exempt gro
in non-hazardous locations but ul 8800 applies specifically to horticulture lighting systems and 8800 refers directly to 1598 for all the testing requirements but it also adds a photobiological safety evaluation uh typical testing conducted under 1598 includes uh let's see electrical testing temperature testing uh rain testing humidity testing uh dielectric testing groundbond testing strain relief i could go on it is a pretty big testing regime and then the the ip rating or ingress protection is a supplemental rating that it has no bearing whatsoever on the north american certification but manufacturers often proper requests to get an ip rating due to you know the more aggressive environments uh in in horticulture applications uh so back to the uh previously mentioned photobiological safety evaluation it is required by ul 8800 in the form of an iec 6471 test and the main objective of this evaluation is to protect the people that are working uh in in these environments with the plants um the the six two four seven one applies only to human eye uh and skin uh safety uh so first there's there's weighting functions that are assigned to different wave bands in the spectrum because uh you know for some wavelengths that are outside of the human eye response range if these products are producing those the issue is that those wavelengths don't provoke an aversion response reflex so you don't necessarily know that you may be harmed by by these wavelengths uh and then algorithms are use
to greater exposure to blue/short-wavelength light. Higher correlated color temperature (CCT) (“cool” light) is thought to increase alertness, whereas lower CCT (“warm” light) is expected to induce relaxation/calmness. The CCTs of early LEDs were 6,000 K or higher and were not well accepted by the public because the bluish-white light was described as harsh, with poor color rendering. A warmer CCT of approximately 3,000–4,000 K is more acceptable. For comparison, consider that the CCT of clear daylight is in the range of 6,000–7,000 K, while on a cloudy day, it is in the range of 4,000–5,000 K, and the CCTs of incandescent lamps are around 2,700 K. Exposure Assessment and Limits As mentioned above, LEDs are regulated by the lamps standard (IEC/EN 62471, Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems). The standard provides the methods for the classification of lamps into one of four risk groups (RGs), RG0, RG1, RG2, and RG3, which are based on established exposure limits. If a lamp is classified as RG0 (also known as “exempt”), no risk is associated with exposure to it. The risk from exposure to lamps in risk groups above RG0 increases gradually to RG3. The focus of a safety assessment is RG3, which is high risk. Typically, the manufacturer labels LED lamps according to their risk group. LEDs have a spectral bandwidth much greater than that of lasers, and because they are not “point sources,” they should be treated as incoherent optical sources. For broadband incoherent sou
a purple hue, which can be potentially harmful to people entering or working in the grow facility. In addition to having a different light output characteristic, horticultural lighting equipment often has other design features specifically designed for the grow environment. The UL 8800 Standard has a targeted scope that addresses the unique safety issues associated with horticultural luminaires and horticultural lighting systems. Here is a brief summary of several key safety requirements contained in UL 8800: – Wiring and connection methods –Horticultural luminaires are typically designed to be frequently raised, lowered or repositioned as plants grow. UL 8800 addresses requirements for specialized wiring and connection methods that support positioning flexibility within a grow facility. – Environmental conditions – General environmental conditions within indoor agricultural operations can vary widely, with high humidity levels and temperature conditions. UL 8800 requires horticultural luminaires to have either a damp or wet environmental rating only, and, includes provisions for testing to increased ambient temperatures. Lighting equipment achieving UL 8800 Certification bear markings that verify these characteristics. – Ingress protection – Equipment used in indoor agricultural operations are also at greater risk of infiltration from dust, moisture and water that can compromise their reliability. UL 8800 addresses these risks with ingress protection (IP) testing that classi
measured UV output (still well within Risk Group 0), such exposure adds the equivalent of 3 to 5 days vacation in a sunny location to the average annual UV dose. Although this would lead to an increase in the personal risk of squamous cell carcinoma, such an increase would remain small (a few % over a lifetime in Denmark). Population-wide exposure to such lamps could, however, add approximately 100 cases of squamous cell carcinomas a year to a base line of 900 cases/year in Denmark. It should be stressed that the UV output of most of the fluorescent lamps tested fall well below this level, and are not expected to affect squamous cell carcinoma incidences. Improper use of lamps belonging to Risk Groups 1- 3 (due to missing or disregarded user information, non-professional installation) could cause retinal damage. While no such cases are known, appropriate measures could be considered to ensure that these lamps are not misused. The current standardization of lighting lamps and luminaires in four risk categories appears sufficient to limit the personal short-term risk. However, RG0, as it is based on acute effects, should not be taken to imply adequate protection of the general population as a whole from effects after long-term exposure to UV radiation. Nevertheless, it would be useful to communicate information on risk categories to the consumer. The previous SCENIHR opinion (SCENIHR 2008) stated that a number of patients are exceptionally sensitive to UV/blue light exposure. T
of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), 2016. 2016 TLVs and BEIs. American National Standards Institute/Illumination Engineering Society of North America (ANSI/IESNA), 2015. Photobiological Safety for Lamps and Lamp Systems – General Requirements, ANSI/IESNA RP‑27.1-15. ANSI/IESNA, 2017. Recommended Practice for Photobiological Safety for Lamps – Risk Group Classification and Labeling, ANSI/IESNA RP-27.3-17. Haigh, N., 2020. Optical Hazard Assessment in the Ultraviolet Region Using Laser Safety (60825) and Lamp Safety (62471) Guidelines, LIA Today 28 (2): 8–12. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), 2000. ICNIRP Statement on Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and Laser Diodes: Implications for Hazard Assessment, Health Physics 78 (6): 744–752. ICNIRP, 2004. Guidelines on Limits of Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation of Wavelengths Between 180 nm and 400 nm (Incoherent Optical Radiation), Health Physics 87 (2): 171–186. ICNIRP, 2013. ICNIRP Guidelines on Limits of Exposure to Incoherent Visible and Infrared Radiation, Health Physics, 105 (1): 74–96. ICNIRP, 2020. Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs): Implications for Safety, Health Physics 118 (5): 549–561. International Electrotechnical Commission IEC/EN 62471, 2006. Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems. International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 62471-2, 2009. Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems – Part 2: Guidance on Manufacturing Requirements Relating to Non-laser Optical
in risk groups is primarily based on a UV exposure limit for indoor workers. This exposure limit has been translated into an emission limit of 2 mW actinic UV per klm. Lamps below this emission limit are in the first and lowest risk group which is considered “safe” and exempt of any liability. Although personal risks may be low under these exposure and emission limits, adopting these limits for the general population can, nevertheless, conceivably result in a substantial number of additional cases of skin carcinomas each year (section 3.7). Any acceptable limit on population-wide risk should be translated into UV exposure limits for the general population and corresponding limits on UV emissions from lamps for lighting purposes. This retracing of a risk limit to an emission limit would require reliable data on personal (UV) exposures from lamps and luminaires in actual practice (with known spectral output in UV and VIS, and known UV radiant power over luminous flux ratios [W/lm] and illuminances [lx]). As such detailed data are currently lacking, a UV emission limit can now only be based on worst case scenarios like those presented in section 3.7. With any of these potential health effects from artificial lighting sources, it is always advisable to take sun exposure (however variable it may be) as a reference. Designing light sources to include UV and stimulate vitamin D (such as “Full Spectrum Fluorescent Lighting”, Hughes and Neer 1981, as referred to by McColl and Veitch 2
18 is powered at 277 milliamps and provides 1000 lumens. – the color temperature of the at least one LED 18 is selected from a range of 2700-8300 Kelvin, depending on the desired illuminated effect. – the LED light module 110 may be used alone as a single light source for a lighting fixture, or a plurality of LED light modules 110 may be combined to increase the total light output of the lighting fixture. – An example of a lighting fixture using multiple LED light modules 110 is shown in FIGS. 10 and 18 . – a solar-powered LED lighting fixture 200 may include at least one LED light module 210 positioned within a lamp fixture 222 , which may be mounted on a lamppost 224 . – the LED light module 210 may include the construction as shown in FIG. – tubular module post 212 may extend from the base to the top of the lamp fixture 222 . – a solar-powered LED lighting fixture 200 further includes a solar panel array 250 , a control circuit board 260 , and a rechargeable battery 228 , wherein the solar panel array 250 is electrically connected to the control circuit board 260 , which is also electrically connected to the rechargeable battery 228 and the LED module 210 . – the solar panel array 250 includes at least one solar panel 258 , which in turn includes an arrangement of a plurality of photovoltaic cells 252 electrically connected in either series or parallel to generate sufficient voltage and current to charge the rechargeable battery 228 . – the photovoltaic cells 252 operate t